#Prescription medication full
#Prescription medication professional

We eliminated 3 studies because they reported both recreational and nonrecreational sharing, and the data were difficult to separate. Articles eliminated by reading titles concerned bank loans and were irrelevant to the review.

#Prescription medication full

We evaluated the eligibility of retrieved articles by reading the title and abstract for articles whose eligibility could not be determined by these, we read the full text. All authors independently assessed all articles retained for eligibility testing ( Figure 1). conducted the initial screening and assessment of the eligibility of retrieved articles, according to the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. However, we did not identify any relevant articles in languages other than English. To capture all relevant studies, we did not impose language, date of publication, age, gender, or type of article limitations or any other restrictions in database searches. To maximize the chance of finding relevant articles, we searched literature on both recreational and nonrecreational sharing and differentiated them by reading the abstracts.

In all searches, we avoided the use of hyphens and abbreviations. However, in advanced Google search, we conducted phrase searching by enclosing the phrases вЂњmedication sharing,вЂќ вЂњmedication lending,вЂќ вЂњmedication loaning,вЂќ вЂњmedication swapping,вЂќ and вЂњmedication borrowingвЂќ in double quotes.

To ensure automatic term mapping and explosion of MeSH terms, we did not use truncation or wild cards in the database searches. We used the following MeSH terms, combined with Boolean operators: вЂњprescriptionвЂќ AND AND AND NOT. We conducted a systematic review of the available literature on nonrecreational prescription medication sharing. Moreover, the findings could help drug regulatory authorities and pharmaceutical companies to design messages targeted at reducing the risks of medicines sharing, for example, in product packaging, advertising and promotion, or public awareness campaigns. For instance, understanding the determinants of sharing behaviors could aid in the development of specific interventions and targeted educational messages about safe medication use for patients. Medicine sharing could also be driven by inappropriate self-treatment, 14,15 and it is also possible that inappropriate drug information on the Internet inspires inappropriate self-treatment and sharing of prescribed medicines.ДЄ systematic review of prescription medicine sharing could be useful in several ways for health planners, health care practitioners, and patients. 10 Furthermore, disparities in health care access and utilization have been noted among ethnic groups, 12,13 and these can lead to sharing of prescription medicines. Lower socioeconomic status and having drug addiction problems are also positive predictors of receiving medicines from others. 5,7,10,11 By and large, adolescent girls are more likely than adolescent boys 7 and younger adults are more likely than older adults 10 to share medications. Researchers have reported a correlation between sociodemographic variables and prescription medicine diversion practices (i.e., trading, selling, or sharing of prescribed medicines). Moreover, no previous systematic review has attempted to reveal the types of medicines shared, determinants of nonrecreational sharing, and consequences of sharing practices. 4вЂ“10 Nonrecreational sharing has not received much research attention, 2,3 and little information describing prevalence and practices of nonrecreational sharing has been published. Past research on medication sharing has tended to focus on recreational sharing. 3 Both represent nonprescribed use of medication. Nonrecreational sharing is the sharing of any prescription medication for medical use or altruistic reasons. Recreational sharing is the sharing of abusable prescription medications to get high, to relax, or for experimentation. Medication sharing has 2 distinct types recreational and nonrecreational.

#Prescription medication professional

A previous review article pointed out the negative consequences of medicine sharing, such as unanticipated adverse events, complications of incorrect use, delay in seeking professional help, antibiotic resistance, and addiction or misuse related to the addictive properties of some medications, 2 but empirical research is limited. 1 In other contexts, вЂњlendingвЂќ and вЂњborrowingвЂќ imply a temporary transfer that will be returned, but these terms are used loosely in the literature regarding prescription medications, which are often not replaced into the supply of the person to whom the medication was prescribed. Medication sharing is defined as the lending or borrowing of prescription medications where the recipient of those medicines is someone other than the person for whom the prescription is intended.